We found that peritoneal macrophages isolated from MF-IGF1 mice have a 2 fold increase in ABCA1 protein levels. IGF1 completely blocked oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-dependent increase of CXCL12 mRNA transcription (98% reduction, P<0.01) and IGF1 treatment reduced CXCL12 protein (56% decrease, P<0.001) in vitro.ĪTP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is the key cholesterol transporter mediating macrophage cholesterol efflux and CXCL12 reduces its expression. CXCL12 protein levels were reduced in plaque and peritoneal macrophages in MF-IGF1 mice. Monocyte recruitment was reduced by 70% in MF-IGF1 mice and was associated with a 27% reduction in circulating levels of CXC Chemokine Ligand 12 (CXCL12). Macrophage IGF1 overexpression downregulated plaque burden by 30%, reduced plaque macrophages by 47%, and promoted features of a stable plaque phenotype. We also assessed cholesterol efflux and foam cell formation in vivo and in vitro. We accelerated atherosclerotic development by feeding animal a high fat diet for three months. We hypothesized that increasing IGF1 levels strictly in macrophages will prevent atherosclerosis.Īfter breeding a novel macrophage-specific IGF1 overexpressing transgenic mouse to an Apoe -/- background (MF-IGF1 mice), we assessed atherosclerotic plaque burden, stability, and monocyte recruitment. Results of our previous in vitro experiments suggest that macrophages play a predominant role in mediating IGF1 effects in atherosclerotic plaque, but exact mechanisms remain unclear. IGF1 administration in ApoE deficient (Apoe -/-) mice fed a high fat diet reduced atherosclerosis and reduced plaque macrophages. Insulin Like Growth Factor I (IGF1) has been shown to reduce cardiovascular events. With hype building at a rapid pace, Dex has received endorsements from rappers across the board, offering up show-stealing guest verses alongside Playboi Carti, Lil Yachty, Sean Kingston, Trippie Redd and 6IX9INE.1Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LAĢUniversity of Missouri System, Columbia, MOĪtherosclerosis is the leading cause of Cardiovascular Disease, which is still the global leader of mortality. His latest offering, a standalone single featuring the killer trio Lil Baby, Jay Critch and Rich The Kid, was released in September. Follow-up single ‘Japan’ achieved the same feat, landing in the Top 20 on Billboard’s hip-hop and R&B chart. hip-hop radio with the help of a feature from A$AP Rocky, earning a Platinum certificate from the RIAA. The record’s first single, ‘Pick It Up’, swiftly dominated U.S.
Dex aligned himself early on with Atlanta trap savant Rich The Kid, who has taken him under his wing as the first member of his label Rich Forever Music, and produced the collaborative effort Rich Forever, which has since inspired two sequels.ĭex’s debut album Dex Meets Dexter was released in April 2018. After several mixtapes, singles and high-profile guest contributions throughout 2017, his 2018 single ‘Japan’ went Platinum in the U.S., confirming his status as an up-and-coming hip-hop firestarter ready to blow in 2019.Īfter turning heads online in 2015 with uploads of his dynamic, Southern-flavoured brand of hip-hop, Dex broke into the national scene with the release of the mixtapes Never Seen It Coming and Dexter’s Laboratory, followed by several viral YouTube singles in 2016.
Born Dexter Gore, the rapper better known as Famous Dex has rocketed to fame over the past two years thanks to a relentless work ethic and an undeniable talent.
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